What's+Bothering+Holden?

=__The Catcher In The Rye__=
 * By: J.D. Salinger**

**What is Wrong With Holden?**
= **__Five stages of grief and loss__** = ==
 * 1) == Denial: when someone close to you dies the first stage is denial because the death is so imaginable that we can’t believe is real, therefore we enter in denial.==
 * 2) == Anger: when we experience a loss we become angry with others ourselves and survivors==
 * 3) == Bargaining: when we experience loss we enter the stage bargaining, were we make deals to gain time for what we have lost==
 * 4) == Depression: this is the most dangerous stage of grief. We become depress because we can not accept the loss.==
 * 5) == Acceptance: It's a decision to be at peace with the way things are. To know that no amount of denial, bargaining, anger or depression is going to recover our loss. We begin to accept that loss is part of life. It's not good or bad...just how it is. So we decide to go on, to find joy in our lives and to bring joy to the lives of others==

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Criteria to PTSD: A: Exposure to a traumatic event B: Persistent re-experiencing C: Persistent avoidance and emotional numbing D: Persistent symptoms of increased arousal not present before E: Duration of symptoms for more than 1 month F. Significant impairment //[] // In Holden’s time post traumatic stress disorder is treated by using cognitive- behavioral therapy. This treatment is the most effective on teenagers and school aged children. The type of CBT treat is the most effective is trauma focused CBT. In this type of treatment talks about what they remember about the trauma and it helps lower stress and worries. During the treatment the Holden would learn to be assertive and will often think falsely about the world. The child will learn to relax on his own as to not to create too much strain between the patient and doctor and not to create more trauma. Another part of the Trauma-focused Cognitive-behavioral therapy is that Holden’s parents would have had to learn to cope with the traumatic needs of Holden. [] |||| In Holden’s time post traumatic stress disorder is treated by using cognitive- behavioral Therapy. This treatment is the most effective on teenagers and school aged children. The type of CBT treat is the most effective is trauma focused CBT. In this type of treatment talks about what they remember about the trauma and it helps lower stress and worries. During the treatment the Holden would learn to be assertive and will || Medications that would have been used today to treat Holden’s PTSD are: Prozac, Zoloft, Minipress, Catapres, Tenez, propanolol, Cymbalta, Wellbutrine, and Effexor || From the beginning of the story the reader is told that Holden is with a psychoanalyst re- experiencing the journey he live last Christmas. Since Holden is telling the story as he lived, it helps us assume that he is in treatment form PTSD. One way to help patients with this disorder is to re- experience what may have caused them trauma. The school that Holden attended before was Elkton hills. While Holden was there one of his colleagues committed suicide because was bullied and picked on. Later on in the novel When Holden is being hit by Maurice he states “What I really felt like, though, was committing suicide. I felt like jumping out the window. I probably would've done it; too, if I'd been sure somebody’s cover me up as soon as I landed. I didn't want a bunch of stupid rubbernecks looking at me when I was all gory” (104). After Holden was being expelled from Pency he went to talk to Mr. Spencer asks Holden why he left Elkton hills Holden simply says”‘ why? Oh, we’ll it's a long story, dire. I mean it’s pretty complicated.' I didn't feel like going in to the whole thing with him. He wouldn't have understood it anyway. It wasn't up his alley at all” (13).People who suffer from post traumatic stress disorder often never get over their traumatic event they just suppress it. Since they never fully get over the trauma it can come back as flash backs and memoires and this is usually triggered by a highly stressful event of a moment or severe depression || [] || Bipolar disorder requires long-term treatment. Since bipolar disorder is a chronic, relapsing illness, it’s important to continue treatment. Most people with bipolar disorder need medication to prevent new episodes and stay symptom-free. Medication alone is usually not enough to fully control the symptoms of bipolar disorder. The most effective treatment strategy for bipolar disorder involves a combination of medication, therapy, lifestyle changes, and social support. It’s best to work with an experienced psychiatrist. Bipolar disorder is a complex condition. Diagnosis can be tricky and treatment is often difficult. For safety reasons, medication should be closely monitored. A psychiatrist who is skilled in bipolar disorder treatment can help you navigate these twists and turns.”
 * Disorder |||| Description || Treatment || Medication || Connection to Holden ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Post traumatic stress disorder PTSD || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Causes severe anxiety caused by exposure to any situation causing psychological trauma, it can occur do to the loss of someone close and the person being unable to cope therefore causing trauma and instability
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Bipolar |||| <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Bipolar Is a depressive disorder that is diagnosed by a psychiatrist and is described as a series of mood disorders. These episodes are referred to as mania, or a less severe hypomania. Periods of mania or hypomania are separated by normal moods, sometime these differences in moods change in the blink of an eye which is called rapid cycling. Based on the mood differences the disease can be categorized into Bipolar1, Bipolar2, cyclothymia and others based on the severity of the differences.

<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-decoration: none; textunderline: none;">[] || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Medications that would be used to treat Holden’s Bipolar symptoms are: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Prozac, Zoloft, Minipress, Catapres, Tenez, propanolol, Cymbalta, Wellbutrine, and Effexor || The place in the novel that we think displays the most evidence of Holden being bipolar is when he is on his date with Sally Hayes.At the beginning of the date Holden is sitting on a platform at a railway station waiting for sally to arrive. When Sally finally arrives Holden is thrilled to see her. After they go skateing and to see the Lunts Holden views her as a "pain in the neck". ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Depression |||| <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings and physical well-being.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"> [] ) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Most people with depression can be helped with counseling by a professional psychologist and with medicine. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Medicine is used treat depression that is severe or disabling.

<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-decoration: none; textunderline: none;">[] || The medication used to treat patients suffering from depression is: Antidepressants || Through the novel we see that Holden is very pessimistic and has a glass half empty view on everything. He even says at many different times “It’s depressing” and he also seems to express many symptoms of depression. Such as overreacting with Stradlator, enjoying being alone in his dorm room, or crying when Allie died and punching all the windows out in the garage and sleeping in it for the night. He always seems to focus on the negative things and never sees the positive or good side of anything. Holden is not on any medication and does not take any drugs other than when he smokes. It seems Holden has clinical depression and he is not happy and barely sees joy in anything, he needs help to deal with these problems. || Certain reactions to the death of a loved one are quite common, and you can expect to experience some of them. You may go into shock. If the death was unexpected, it is possible that you may even find yourself denying at first that the person has died. Another immediate reaction to death is anger. You may feel anger toward the doctors or nurses who could not save your loved one and even toward God. You may feel anger toward the person who died for leaving you, and you may feel guilty that the anger will not go away. We experience guilt for a number of reasons. It is common for a bereaved person to feel guilty simply for being alive when someone else has died. You may believe that somehow you should have prevented the death, or should have been present to say good-bye. You may dwell on an argument you had with the deceased. As the reality of death sinks in, it is common for the bereaved person to slip into depression. Even if you are normally a committed, caring person, you may find that you do not care about anything or anyone. You may also feel helpless. There may also be the sense of additional loss. A woman who is widowed, for example, did not just lose her husband. She also lost a friend, a confidant, someone to take vacations with, someone to help care for the children. These additional losses can leave you feeling confused. Another common reaction among those who grieve is preoccupation with the person who died. You may think about him or her constantly, re-create the circumstances of the death over and over again in your mind, have dreams or nightmares about the person - and even think you see or hear them. Most people are surprised and frightened by the intensity of these reactions. The mental strain of grief can take a physical toll as well. It is not unusual for the bereaved to lose weight, experience difficulty sleeping, become irritable or listless, or feel short of breath. www.healthscout.com/ency/68/550/main.html || The single most important factor in healing from loss is having the support of other people. Even if you aren’t comfortable talking about your feelings under normal circumstances, it’s important to express them when you’re grieving. Sharing your loss makes the burden of grief easier to carry. Wherever the support comes from, accept it and **do not grieve alone.** Connecting to others will help you heal. When you’re grieving, it’s more important than ever to take care of yourself. The stress of a major loss can quickly deplete your energy and emotional reserves. Looking after your physical and emotional needs will help you get through this difficult time. > The sadness of losing someone you love never goes away completely, but it shouldn’t remain center stage. If the pain of the loss is so constant and severe that it keeps you from resuming your life, you may be suffering from a condition known as //complicated grief//. Complicated grief is like being stuck in an intense state of mourning. You may have trouble accepting the death long after it has occurred or be so preoccupied with the person who died that it disrupts your daily routine and undermines your other relationships.Symptoms of complicated grief include: > ||< ** Intense longing and yearning for the deceased
 * Death in the family/ grief. |||| When a death tears your world apart, grieving is the process that helps put it back together. While grief is natural, it is also highly individual. The relationship with the person who died will certainly influence grief, but so will your age, religious beliefs and previous experience with death. The age of the deceased and the circumstances of death will also affect the intensity of the grief experienced.
 * **Face your feelings.** You can try to suppress your grief, but you can’t avoid it forever. In order to heal, you have to acknowledge the pain. Trying to avoid feelings of sadness and loss only prolongs the grieving process. Unresolved grief can also lead to complications such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and health problems.
 * **Express your feelings in a tangible or creative way.** Write about your loss in a journal. If you’ve lost a loved one, write a letter saying the things you never got to say; make a scrapbook or photo album celebrating the person’s life; or get involved in a cause or organization that was important to him or her.
 * **Look after your physical health**. The mind and body are connected. When you feel good physically, you’ll also feel better emotionally. Combat stress and fatigue by getting enough sleep, eating right, and exercising. Don’t use alcohol or drugs to numb the pain of grief or lift your mood artificially.
 * **Don’t let anyone tell you how to feel, and don’t tell yourself how to feel either.** Your grief is your own, and no one else can tell you when it’s time to “move on” or “get over it.” Let yourself feel whatever you feel without embarrassment or judgment. It’s okay to be angry, to yell at the heavens, to cry or not to cry. It’s also okay to laugh, to find moments of joy, and to let go when you’re ready.
 * **Plan ahead for grief “triggers”.** Anniversaries, holidays, and milestones can reawaken memories and feelings. Be prepared for an emotional wallop, and know that it’s completely normal. If you’re sharing a holiday or lifecycle event with other relatives, talk to them ahead of time about their expectations and agree on strategies to honor the person you loved.
 * Intrusive thoughts or images of your loved one
 * Denial of the death or sense of disbelief
 * Imagining that your loved one is alive || ** Searching for the person in familiar places
 * Avoiding things that remind you of your loved one
 * Extreme anger or bitterness over the loss
 * Feeling that life is empty or meaningless ||

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 * There is no medication for a death in the family unless you have severe signs of depression or are suicidal. || Through out the book Holden is constantly reminded of his younger brother Allie. The death of Allie in my opinoin is the greatest contributer to the fact that Holden is in a medical facility sorting out his psycological problems. Many years after Allie's death, while Holden was attending Elkton Hills, his room mate James Castle jumped from the window and commited suicide. Holden was one of the bystanders at the scene. While Holden was looking at the dead corpse he was reminded of the death of his younger brother Allie. After the death of James Castle started to take a turn for the worst. He began flunking out of various schools because he just did not care anymore. ||